A final important advancement in the period is that many Black urban pastors found creative ways to respond to the Great Migration crisis by “facilitating a psychological space and opportunity for Black migrants to cast off Southern caste traditions.”69 Thus, they preached sermons that criticized injustice and emphasized the gospel’s concern for all of human existence—body, soul, and spirit. In such preaching, needs were addressed, such as housing, jobs, and concerns relevant to daily living in light